Art of making hexagonal hot-metal pieces for making hexagonal nut blanks



J. A. COSTELLO. ART OF MAKING HEXAGO-NAL HOT METAL PIECES FOR MAKING HEXAGONAL NUT BLANKS.

APPLICATION FILED MATT 27. I920.

1 1053 9, Patented Feb. 7, 1922.

I 2 SHEET S T T- 77 .1 4 2 w 771 dwacmzzag 1. A. COSTELLO.

ART OF MAKING HEXAGONAL HOT METAL PIECES FOR MAKING HEXAGONAL NUT BLANKS.

APPLICATION HLED MAR\27.192Q.

1,405,9 9, Patented Feb. 7, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH A. cos'rELLo, or CLEVELAND, oiiro.

ART or MAKING HExAGoNnL How-METAL, PIECES FOR MAKING HrixAooNAr. NUT

BLANxs.

.Hexagonal Nut Blanks, of which the followin is a specification.

lhis invention relates to an improvement in the art of making hexagonal hot metal pieces formaking hexagonal nut-blanks, and

ertains more especially to the subjection of a hot metal bar tosuch forging operations as will produce improved hexagonal hot metal pieces which have the configuration and characteristics required to render them more especially suitable for subjecting 'them' to operations such, for instance, as are involved in the nut-blank-making processset forth in the specification of United States Letters Patent, No. 1,287,644, granted to me Dec. 17, 1918. 1

One object of the presentinx 'ention is to have the configuration and characteristicsof the hexagonal hot metal piece, which is to be subjected to said patented process, such as to reduce the wear on the tools or devices or apparatus employed in practising said process, and furthermore: such as to facilitate the spreading and distribution of metal during the displacement of metal in prac-' tising said process and thereby materially assist in the formation ofsharp corners on the resulting hexagonal nut-blank. v

Another object is still further to reduce the cost of production in the manufacture of forged hexagonal nutblanks.

Another object is to economically produce my improved hexagonal hot metal piece by forging operations on a hot metal bar which is rectangular in cross-section and which, although having a width which measures more than said hot piece measures between diametrically opposite .sides of the piece, preferably has a thicknesswhich measures less than the mean thickness of said piece.

With these objects in view, and to attain any other object hereinafter appearing, this invention consists in the steps or. process hereinafter described in this specification and pointed out in the claims. I k

Apparatus .suitable for use in carrying out my invention is illustrated in the accom- Specification of Letters Patent. t te 7, 22 Application filed March 27, 1920. Serial No. 369,423. I

panying drawings in which Figure l isa side elevation of portions of two opposite forging tools having wedge-shaped members arranged to enter a hot metal bar shown in position to be entered at its longitudinal edges by said wedge-shaped'members. Fig. 2' 1s a cross-section of said bar at; the line 2-2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing the bar entered by the wedge-shaped members of the forging tools. Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken along the line .44, F 1g. 3, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows. Fig. 5 is a side elevation showing the aforesaid wedge-shaped members withdrawn from the bar after the operation illustrated in Fig. 4:. Fig. 6 is a side elevation showing the bar fed forwardly endwise from-the position shown in Fig. 5 into position to be again entered by the aforesaid wedge-shaped members. Fig. 7 is a side elevation showing the bar in the position shown in Fig. 6 and again entered by said wedge-shaped members. Fig. 8' is a side view of a hexagonal hotpiece pro duced by my improved process, and Fig.- 9 is a side view in central section of said piece.

Referring to said drawings, 10 indicates a hot metal bar which is to be operated on by my improved process to form improved hexagonalhot metal pieces which have the configuration and characteristics required to render them more especially suitable ,to be operated on by apparatus such, for instance, as shown and described in the specification of the hereinbefore enumerated Letters Patent, Said bar is preferably rectangular in cross section, as shown in Fig. 2. Said bar is adapted to be intermittently fed horizontally and on edge endwise in one direction. cans for supporting a hot metal bar while it is being fed endwise are too well known to require illustration and descriptionin this specification. Sufiice it to state that the bar is supported and fed in any approved manner.

Two oppositely andsubstantially verti member of each forging tool is substantially at a right 'angleto said bar and at its thin end has an edge 13 extending. transversely of the adjacent longitudinal edge of the bar and long enough. not only to extend. transversely of said edge of the bar but somewhat. beyond the sides of the bar; as shown in'Fig. 4. The wedge-shaped member 12 of each forging tool has its converging surfaces .14 and 15 facing toward the bar 10 and rearwardly and forwardly respectively in relation to the path of the bar and'sloping substantially correspondingly toward each other in the direction of and terminating in the edge 13 of the wedge, and said sloping surfaces are substantially at an angle of sixty degreesto said path. Preferably the -hot bar 10 has a thickness which measuresless than the 'mean thickness of thehexagonal pieces into which the bar is to be. converted, and said bar hasv a' width which measures more than the diameter between diametrically opposite sides of said hexagonal pieces,

For the production of hexagonal hot metal pieces which aresuitable for making hexagonal nut-blanks which are substantially three-fourths "of an inch thickand have a diameter of substantially one and one-fourth inches betweendiametrically opposite sides I preferablyproduce a hot metal bar which is rectangular in cross section and measures substantially fiveeighths of an inch in thickness and substanti'ally' one and one-half inches in width, and said bar isfed substantially horizontally ;and on edge between the wedge-shaped and laterally through the bar. observed therefore that said recesses have members 12 into a position in which the forward end portion of the bar extends between said wedge-slumped members at a pre determined point where the bar has "substan'tially its full original width, as shown in Fig. 1. It will be observed that the bar illustrated in Fig. 1 has already been operated on and that therefore a portion 16 1 ofsaid bar extends forwardlybeyond said point and is in the form of a partially formed hexagonal piece. Upon feeding'the hot bar forwardly'endwise to and between the wedge-shaped members 12 the distance required to bring a point on said bar, where the bar has substantially its full original width,in line vertically between said wedgeshaped members, the forging tools comprising said wedge-shaped"members are oper ated, while thebar' is at rest,in such a manner that saidv wedge-shapedmembers simultaneously enter the bar at opposite longitudinal edges respectively of the bar and sub} stantially at a right angle'to the bar and far enough to effect the formation of two opposite V-shaped recesses 17. which, as shown in Fig. 3, extend inwardly from opposite longitudinal. edges respectively of the bar and into close proximity to each other It will be the walls 18 thereof, which face in the dii-ection of the forward extremity of the bar,

forming two adjacent sides of a hexagonal piece shown being formed at 20, Fig. 3,

while the hot bar is at rest, and have their rearwardly facing walls 21 forming two adjacent sides of a. hexagonal piece which is shown as partially formed at 16, Fig. 1, and

as substantially completed at 22, Fig. 3,-by

the formation of said recesses, and thatsaid walls 18 and 21 are substantially at an angle of sixty degrees to the path of'the bar. The substantially completed hexagonal piece shown at 22, Fig. 3, is immediately, upon having been formed, removed from the bar j into a die such, for instance, as shown-and described-1n the specification of the'here1n before enumerated Letters Patent and operated on in said die as set forth in said specification. I would here remark thatthe hot bar while at rest is not confined endwise, so as to permit stretching of the bar;

at any point endw'ise of the bar, and so'that during the formation of recesses in the bar bar 10 and extends transversely of said. edge and beyond the sides of the bar. The dimensions ofthe shoulders 23 of the "forging tools and their relation to the path of said bar are such that when the wedge-shaped members 12 of'said tools have entered the bar approximately to but not beyond a point central between thelongitudin'al edges of the bar, as shown in Fig. 3, said shoulders shall have exerted such pressure against said. edges from the recesses 17 rearwardly a distance substantially cqualto the distance between adj accn't' corners of the hexagonal piece being formed. at 20, as to displace metal laterally of the bar jacentand along" the rear ends of theshoulder-engaged poi? tions of the longitudinal edges of thebar to the recesses; 17: and decrease gradually to and thicken the bar adk 1d shoulders and as to cause the width of the barto be reduced from l. l O

ward said recesses and measure next rearward of said recesses.substantiallythe same asithe diameter of said hexagonal piece between dian':etrically opposite sides of said piece.

The shoulders therefore have .sucharrangement 1n relation to the edges 13 of the. wedge-shaped members 12 of the forging tools that, upon the completion of the operation o'f'said wedge-shaped members on the shown being piece.

hot bar, the distance between the inner end of the shoulder on one forging tool and the inner end of the shoulder on the'other forging tool H same as the diameter between diametrically opposite sidesof the hexagonal piece being formed. 7 i r "When the hot bar has been operated on by the wedge-shaped members 12 to form two adjacent sides 18 of the hexagonal piece formed at 20, Fig. 3, and'said bar has been reducedin width adjacentsaid sides by the operation of the shoulders 23 the forging tools comprising said wedgeshaped members are separated far enough, as shown in Fig.5 to permit forward endwise movement of the bar, and then the hot bar is fed forwardly endwise, as shown in Fig. 6, a distance substantially equal to one and one-half times the distance between adjacent corners of said hexagonal piece, whereupon said wedge-shaped members are again caused to be driven simultaneously into the hot bar to effect the formation .in the bar of two V-shaped'recesses 25 which are substantially the same as the recesses 17 hereinbefore described. The formation of the recesses 25 is shown inFig. 7, and 'during the operation of the wedge-shaped members 12, to form said recesses metal is so displaced next forward of said wedge-shaped members at the longitudinal edges of the bar that said edges SlliLllhfi VB theirportions 26, which (see Fig. 6) extend forwardly and inwardly from the point at which saidrecesses are begun to'be formed, rendered substantially parallel and spaced apart a distance which measures substantially the same as the diameter between diametricallyropposite sides of the resulting hexagonal product shown at 27 Fig. 7. It will be observed therefore that the second entrance,.shown in Fig. 7, of the wedgeshaped members 12 into the hot bar during the formation of a hexagonal piece results in the completion, by the sloping surfaces 15 of'saidwedge-shaped members, of the formation of the diametrically opposite sides 28 (see Fig. 7) of said hexagonal piece which were begun to be formedby the shoulders 23 during the first entrance of said wedge-shaped members into the .bar so far as concerns the formation of said hexagonal piece, and also results in the formation of the remaining two sides 29 of said hexagonal (See Figf'i.) Said secondentrance of the wedge-shaped members 12 into the hot bar to complete the formation of the hexagonal piece being formed is the first entrance of said wedge shaped members into said bar for the formation of two adjacent sides .30 of the hexagonal piece next to be formed, asshown in Fig. 7 Obviously when the hot bar has-been operated on';for forming a hexagonal piece already largely formed,

shall measure substantially the as at 16, Fig. 1, preparatory to the first entrance of the wedge-shaped members 12 into said bar'for the formation of the next hexagonal piece to be formed, said first entrance of the said wedge-shaped members in to said bar so far as concernsthe production of said next. hexagonal piece to be formed is the second entrance of the said wedge-shaped members into said bar so far as the completion of the partially formed hexagonal piece shown at 16, Fig. 1, is'con'cerned.

A hexagonal piece formed as hereinbefore described and illustrated as substantially completed at 27, Fig. 7, is immediately upon its formation fed in any approved manner into a die, such, forinstance, as shown and described in the specification of the hereinbefore enumerated Letters Patent and operated on in said die by apparatus such, for instance, as shown and described in said specification.

A hexagonal piece produced in accordance with my present invention and illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, has a mean thickness greater than the thickness of the hot bar from which it was produced and has such configuration and dimensions as to successfully contribute to the attainment of the hereinbefore stated objects. i Y

lVhat I claim is- 1. In the art of making hexagonalhot metal pieces for making hexagonal'-nutblanks, subjecting an endwise movable hot metal bar to forging operations'at a predetermined point in relation to the path of'the-bar and while the bar isat rest and thereby forming two opposite -V-shaped recesses which extend inwardly from opposite longitudinal edges respectively of and laterally through the bar and have the walls thereof which face endwise of the bar in one direction forming two adjacent sidesof a hexagonal piece to be produced and have their walls which face. in the opposite direction forming two adjacentsides of a hexagonal piece substantiallycompleted by forming said recesses, and during the formation of said recesses exerting such pres sure against said edges from said recesses a suitable distance in the last-mentioned direction as to thicken the barand cause the bar to have its width between the pressurereceiving portions of said edges reduced in the direction of said recesses, then feeding the bar endwise in' the first-mentioned direction a predetermined distance, and then again subjecting the barto forging operations at the aforesaidpoint and thereby sub-' stantially completing. the product comprising the aforesaid portionsof said edges.

2. In the art of making hexagonal hot 2 rectionandhaving a width measuring more than "the "diameter of said pieces between their'diametrically opposite sides, subjecting said bar at a predetermined pointin re lation to its path and while at rest to forgingoperations and thereby forming two opposite V-shaped recesses which extend inwardly from opposite longitudinal edges respectively of and laterally through the bar and have the walls thereof Whichface in the direction of the forward extremity of the bar forming two adjacent si'desof a l'iQ-XitgOIlZtl piece being formed and during the formation of said'recesses stretch ing the metal between them endwise of the bar and exerting pressure against said edges from said recesses rearwa'r'dly a distance substantially equal to the distance between adjacent'corners of said hexagonal'piece, then feeding the bar forwardly endwise a predetermined distance, and then forming like recesses in thebar at the aforesaid point and thereby substantially completing said hexagonal piece.

3. In the art of making hexagonal hot metal pieces for making hexagonal nutblanks, producing a hot metal'bar'adapted to be fed intermittently endwise in one direction and having a width measuring more than the diameter of said pieces between their diametrically opposite sides, subjecting said bar at a predetermined point in, relation to its path and while at rest to forging operations and thereby forming two opposite V-shaped recesses which :ex-

tend inwardly from opposite longitudinal edges respectively of and laterally through the bar and have their forwardly facing walls formingtwo adjacent sides of a hexagonal piece being formed, and during the formation of said recesses stretching the metal between them endwise of the bar and exerting such pressure against said edges from said recesses rearwardly a suitable "ing said'bar at a predetermined distance. that metal is displaced laterally of the bar and ithat the width of the bar is reduced from the rear end of the lastmentioned distance to said recesses and caused to measure next rearward of said recesses substantially the same as the aforesaid diameter, then feeding the bar forwardly'endwise a predetermined distance, and then forming. like recesses in the bar i at the aforesaid point.

4."In the art of making hexagonal hot metal pieces for making hexagonal nutblanks, producing a hot metal bar'adapted to be fed intermittently endwise than the diameter of; said pieces between their diametrically. opposite sides, subjectpoint in V relation to its path and while at rest to forging operations and thereby forming two opposite V 'shapedrecesses which extend in- \va-rdly from opposite longitudinal edges rep n in one direction and having a width measuring more mam spective'ly of and 'laterallythrough the bar and have their forwardly facing walls forming two'adja'c'ent sidesof'a hexagonal piece being formed, and-while forming said recesses stretching the nietal",betwee-n "them endwise of the bar and exerting such pressure against said edges from said recesses reanwardlya-suit-able distance that the a width of the bar gradually decreases from the rear end ofthe last mentioned distance toward saidrecesses and is reduced to such an extent as to measure next rearward'of said recesses substantially the same'as the aforesaid diameter, then feeding the bar forwardly endwise a predetermined dis-' tance, and then forming like recesses in the bar at the aforesaid point and during the formation of the last-mentioned recesses so displacing metal as to render the edges substantially parallel where they .ex:

tend forwardly from said last-mentionedre edges'respectively of and laterally through '100 the bar andhave their forwardly facing walls forming two adjacent sides ofahexagonal piece being formed and whilefformlng sa d recesses stretching the metal :be-

tween them endwise of the bar and exerting suchpressure against said edges from said recesses rearwardly a distance substantially equal to the distance between adjacent ,cor

ners of said hexagonal piece that the width of the bar lsreduced to such an extent as to measure next rearward of sa1d recesses substantially the same'as the aforesaid di-' ameter, then feeding the bar forwardly endwise a distance substantially equal to one and one-half times the distance between the aforesaidcorners, and thenforming like recesses in the bar at the aforesaid point and thereby substantially;completing the aforesaid hexagonal piece. Y

6. In the artoffmaking hexagonal'ihot metal pieces for making "hexagonal nut blanks, feeding a hot metal bar which is rectangular in cross-section endwise in one direction and on'edgeto andbetween' two directly' opposite wedge-shaped forging members which? are di'sposed with the trans verse edges of their thin ends arrangedtransversely of the p'ath of the bar, then; effecting the entrance of said wedge-shaped membersfisimultaneously into the bar and.

thereby forming two adjacent sides of a hexagonal piece to be formed and during the operation of said wedge-shaped members befeeding said bar forwardly endwise a .dis-

tance substantially equal to one and onehalf times the distance between adjacent corners of said hexagonal piece, and then again efiecting the entrance of said wedge-shaped members simultaneously into the bar and thereby substantially completing the formation of said hexagonal piece.

7. In the art of making hexagonal hot metal pieces for making hexagonal nutblanks," driving two opposite'wedge-shaped forging members simultaneously 7 into an cndwise, movable hot metal bar at opposite longitudinal edges respectively of the bar and while the bar is at rest and thereby forming two opposite V-shaped recesses which extend laterally through the bar and have their walls which face endwise of, the bar in one direction forming two adjacent sides of a hexagonal piece to be produced and have their walls which face in the opposite direction forming two adjacent sides of a hexagonal piece substantially completed by forming said recesses, and during the 5 formation of said recesses exertin such I l I pressure against the aforsald edges from said recesses in the last-mentioned direction as to thicken the bar and cause the bar to have its width between the pressure-receiving portions of said edges reduced in the direction of said recesses, then separating the aforesaid wedge-shaped members the distance required to permit endwise movement ofthe bar in the first-mentioned direction,

then feeding the bar endwise in said firstmentioned direction a predetermined distance, and then again driving said wedgeshaped members simultaneously into the bar I at the aforesaid point. a

8. In the art of making hexagonal hot metal pieces for making hexagonal nutblanks, producing a hot metal baradapted to be fed intermittently endwise in one direction and having a width measuring more than the diameter between diametrically opposite sides of said pieces and driving wedger shaped forging members into said bar at its longitudinal edges and at a predetermined point in relation to the path of the bar and while the bar is at rest and thereby forming two opposite V-shaped recesses which extend laterally through the bar and have their forwardly facing walls forming twoadjacent sides of a hexagonal vpiece to be produced and have their rearwardly facing walls forming two adjacent sides of a hexagonal piece completed by forming said recesses, and while forming said recesses exerting such pressure against said edges rearwardly from said recesses a distance substantially equal to the distance between adjacent corners of the hexagonal product being formed as to cause the bar to have its width between the pressure-receiving portions of said edges gradually decrease toward said recesses and measure at said recesses substantially the same as the aforesaid diameter, then separating the aforesaid wedge-shaped members, then feeding the bar forwardly endwise a distancesubstantially equal to one and one-half times the distance between adjacent corners of said product, and then again driving said wedge-shaped members into the bar at the aforesaid point and therenesses.

JOSEPH A. COSTELLO. Witnesses:

A. W. MASSEY, RUDD H. BENDER. 

